Let’s start with the basics: a diamond’s clarity refers to the natural inclusions or imperfections inside the stone. These so-called "flaws" can be anything from tiny minerals to small cracks or blemishes. They’ve been there since the diamond was formed deep within the earth. The size and location of these inclusions determine the diamond’s clarity grade—and that grade can play a major role in the diamond’s value and price. Here's how the GIA clarity scale is structured:

I1
These diamonds have visible inclusions that can be seen with the naked eye.

SI2
These diamonds have small inclusions that may be visible to the naked eye or under slight magnification (3x).

SI1
These diamonds have small inclusions, usually invisible to the naked eye, but visible under 10x magnification.

VS2
These diamonds have very small inclusions that are eye-clean but detectable under 10x magnification.

VS1
These diamonds have very small inclusions, typically only visible to trained gemologists under 10x magnification.

VVS2
These diamonds have very, very small inclusions that are not visible to the naked eye and can only be found by a trained gemologist using 10x magnification.

VVS1
These diamonds have extremely tiny inclusions that are invisible to the naked eye and detectable only under 20x magnification by a trained gemologist.

IF
These diamonds are internally flawless, meaning no inclusions inside the diamond. Only minor surface blemishes may be visible under 30x magnification.

FL
These diamonds are completely flawless with no internal or external imperfections under any level of magnification.



 

VS1, VS2, and SI1 are the sweet spots

Now, let’s get practical. Just like with color, there’s a sweet spot on the clarity scale where diamonds look amazing—without blowing your budget. These clarity grades are VS1, VS2, and SI1. They offer great value and allow you to invest more in carat weight or color. But here’s the catch: not all diamonds within the same grade are equal. Some have inclusions in less noticeable areas, while others have inclusions that are darker, larger, or poorly placed. For example, an SI2 diamond with black crystals right in the center (the table) will appear more obvious to the eye and be less desirable than one with transparent inclusions tucked to the side. Take a look at the two diamond images below—both graded SI2 by GIA. The one on the left is cleaner and more desirable than the one on the right:

As you move up the clarity scale, the difference between diamonds within the same grade becomes less obvious—but it’s still there and still affects pricing. Here are two SI1 diamonds graded by GIA. The one on the left has inclusions along the side; the one on the right features a small feather that’s harder to notice with the naked eye:

VS2 is the last grade where differences within the grade may noticeably impact the price. Below are two VS2 diamonds. The one on the left has tiny crystals that are eye-clean to most, though visible under 10x magnification. The one on the right also has tiny white inclusions, but they blend in so well that even under magnification, the diamond looks spotless to the untrained eye:

VVS’s & Flawless

Once you reach VVS2 clarity, you’re really splitting hairs—comparing clean diamonds to even cleaner ones on a microscopic level. Unless you have superhero vision (or access to a 30x loupe), spotting the difference is nearly impossible. Some dealers argue that buying the highest clarity grade is overkill—you’re paying for something you can’t even see. Others say, “only the purest of hearts go for clarity,” meaning they’re not buying a diamond to impress others; they’re buying it for themselves or someone they love, and want the absolute best. At the end of the day, it’s a personal choice. There’s no right or wrong here.

Look out for the deals

If you're stuck between clarity grades, don’t worry—you might not have to compromise. While higher clarity diamonds usually cost more, sometimes their wholesale discounts are even steeper. For instance, we came across a 1.03 carat round diamond, I color, VS1 clarity, excellent cut, polish, and symmetry, with no fluorescence—priced at $6,728. Right next to it, a 1.07 carat, I color, VVS2 clarity diamond with the same specs was priced at just $6,235. What gives? Sometimes, a manufacturer expects a rough diamond to yield a VS clarity but it turns out better—like a VVS. To move inventory faster, they may price the VVS aggressively to compete with lower-grade stones. One dealer told us: “If I have a cushion-cut, 1.20 carat E color VVS2 in stock, and my client is shopping for a 1.20 E-F SI1 or VS2, I’ll lower my price just to move my own diamond—even though the specs are better.” Of course, he’s motivated to sell his own stone—but in cases like this, his motive works in your favor. Just be sure all other factors match. If a better diamond is priced lower, double-check the details—you may have missed something.

Use a loupe

If you're shopping for an engagement ring or loose diamond in person, don’t hesitate to ask for a loupe (a magnification tool). Take your time. If the inclusions are faint under 2x or 10x magnification—and invisible to the naked eye—you’ve probably found a winner. Still unsure? Check the diamond’s certificate diagram. It’s a map of the inclusions, showing their location, type, and size. With a little practice, you’ll be able to match what’s on paper with what you see in the stone.